This paper discusses tax and expenditure policy reforms to raise employment. Using data for 58 advanced and emerging …. The focus is on incentives to increase labor demand and supply rather than on the impact of fiscal policy on employment … principles which should guide the design of country-specific fiscal reforms to boost employment. A comprehensive set of tables on …

is relatively high, there is limited employment of nationals in the private sector, labor productivity has declined or …-sector employment and have helped raise standards of living. However, the growth model has involved costs: the public-sector wage bill …

liberalization should be supported by broad efforts to strengthen prudential regulation and supervision, including macroprudential …