GDP indicate non-oil export volumes are relatively responsive while service exports are less responsive. Downward … Europe and emerging markets presents further downside risks for exports. The Maghreb countries are particularly sensitive to …

We examine how Korea’s capital flows and trade have been affected by the quantitative easing (QE) of the United … in the world market for trade. We find that QE had little direct impact on capital flows to Korea, and tapering is … the exchange rate spillover from QQME to Korea has been limited both on trade and capital flow fronts. …

€™s exports. Although rising trading links with China have allowed African countries to diversify their export base across … reorient their exports. …

In this paper we estimate gravity models to see whether trade volumes of countries in the MENA region are significantly … show that the variables used in standard gravity models cannot explain a significant part of MENA's trade performance …, particularly on exports. We then go on to 'augment' the standard gravity model with relevant variables from the World Bank …

This paper reviews the economics of trade policy in financial services, highlighting differences between trade across … borders and through commercial presence. Trade liberalization could complement other financial reforms by enhancing the …. However, it raises sectoral, strategic, and cultural concerns. The design of trade policy should therefore emphasize the nexus …

This Selected Issues paper assesses Indonesia’s trade integration relative to underlying country characteristics. The …

examines one particular channel at work: the supply of credit. It presents a model in which a bank, even if managed by risk …-neutral shareholders and subject to limited liability, can exhibit self-insurance, and thus loan supply contracts when uncertainty … credit supply is achieved by looking at the differential response of banks according to their level of capitalization …

demand shock and to assess how the effects of various demand and supply shocks change in the presence of oil storage facility … supply shocks in driving oil price fluctuations. Our results also confirm that a change in the composition of shocks helps …