Neither the notion of non-standard employment nor the concept of self-employment are well-defined at national and EU-level. For non-standard employment, we rely on the ILO definition. By people in self-employment, we understand people working for their own account. One of the challenges of...

This Social Protection Committee (SPC) background report on sick leave and sick pay/sickness benefit schemes in the European Union sheds light on the huge variations in the way Member States address absence from work in case of temporary professional incapacity due to sickness. It is important...

The present Synthesis Report addresses the work-life balance of carers of dependent persons by examining three main social policy arrangements: leave schemes, cash benefits and benefits in kind. To this end, the 35 ESPN Country Teams provided, first, a brief description of the main features of...

The present Synthesis Report examines the retirement regimes for workers in arduous or hazardous jobs (WAHJ). To this end, the 35 ESPN Country Teams provided, first, a brief description of the policy mix targeted at WAHJ, secondly a thorough assessment of the pension rules and other social...