Neither the notion of non-standard employment nor the concept of self-employment are well-defined at national and EU-level. For non-standard employment, we rely on the ILO definition. By people in self-employment, we understand people working for their own account. One of the challenges of...

This Synthesis Report examines the extent to which 35 European countries (28 Member States and seven other countries) have strengthened or further developed their policies/ approaches and programmes for children since 2013 in ways that are consistent with the EU Recommendation on Investing in...

This Social Protection Committee (SPC) background report on sick leave and sick pay/sickness benefit schemes in the European Union sheds light on the huge variations in the way Member States address absence from work in case of temporary professional incapacity due to sickness. It is important...

In 2008, the European Commission Recommendation on active inclusion set out common principles and practical guidelines for a comprehensive strategy based on three integrated pillars: adequate income support, inclusive labour markets and access to quality services. This built on the 1992 Council...

The present Synthesis Report addresses the work-life balance of carers of dependent persons by examining three main social policy arrangements: leave schemes, cash benefits and benefits in kind. To this end, the 35 ESPN Country Teams provided, first, a brief description of the main features of...

The present Synthesis Report examines the retirement regimes for workers in arduous or hazardous jobs (WAHJ). To this end, the 35 ESPN Country Teams provided, first, a brief description of the policy mix targeted at WAHJ, secondly a thorough assessment of the pension rules and other social...