The recognition of qualifications across borders is critical to the freedom of movement of labour and the efficient working of labour markets, especially in cross-border regions where labour market flows are strongest. This has been recognised by the Directive 2005/36/EC of the European...

Freedom of movement is enshrined in EU law. For economies to be efficient, and create jobs and opportunities, it is especially important in cross-border regions to address obstacles that impact negatively on the ability of citizens from one country to work in a neighbouring country. Failure to...

European Union (EU) legislation gives EU citizens the right to receive healthcare services in all EU Member States, as well as the right to work in a different EU Member State. This is particularly important in order to ensure the health and well-being of EU citizens and to offer healthcare...

Transport infrastructure plays an important role in regional development and in ensuring territorial cohesion of the European Union (EU). Unfortunately, border regions, frequently peripheral, suffer from underdeveloped transport infrastructure and its unsatisfactory maintenance. Among the...

Differences between national crisis, disaster and emergency management systems pose a threat to safety and the provision of care and services in EU cross-border regions. Emergency services and crisis management systems fail to provide the same level of service in the border regions as in the...

This case study reviews the issue of recognition of diplomas and professional qualification certificates with a particular focus on the Greater Region. Within the European Union (EU), there are about 800 regulated professions, reserved for individuals holding specific qualifications. These...

Cross-border police cooperation between Poland and Germany began in 1991. In 2015, a bilateral agreement between the two countries came into force with the aim to replace the previous agreements and to address the obstacles to an efficient cooperation between the police forces. Despite the fact...

The case study deals with the border obstacles caused by lacking technical interoperability between national railway systems as well as infrastructure bottlenecks caused by insufficient coordination of investment between countries. It particularly looks at the example of the railway link between...

This case study focuses on 'burdensome tax rules' and other obstacles affecting cross-border trade in the land border region between the Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Since the mid-1990s, associated with the Northern Ireland peace process,...

In this case study, local spatial planning decisions are used to shed light on the obstacles to cross-border public consultation procedures. The complex features of cross-border entities, sometimes overlapping each other's competences, increase the difficulty to assess the cause, scale and...