While some broadband providers have called Internet content and application providers free riders on their … infrastructure, this is incorrect and misguided. End-users pay for their residential broadband providers for access to the Internet … broadband providers’ ISPs in order to reach their customers. This feature of the Internet has been one key factor that has …

telephone companies or cable operators) and instead are likely to act as a complement. Nor will competition in the Internet … lower prices being charged to residential Internet subscribers. This is true under a robust set of assumptions. Despite some …