gender inequality. Because parenthood is often tied to marriage, we also investigate the existence of marriage penalties in … different regions of the world. The fraction of gender inequality explained by child penalties varies systematically with … minuscule fraction of gender inequality. But as economies develop -- incomes rise and the labor market transitions from …

This paper compares early childhood enrichment programs that promote social mobility for disadvantaged children within … analyze new long-run life-cycle data collected for iconic programs when participants are middle-aged and their children are in … their twenties. The iconic programs are omnibus in nature and offer many services to children and their parents. We compare …

divorce. Third, the widening college gap in children's family structure corresponds to a widening college gap in marriage …The share of children living in a two-parent family has declined sharply in the past 40 years, driven by a decline in … marriage among parents without a four-year college degree. This paper presents a number of facts about these trends, drawing on …

We develop, apply, and test a new measure of the marriage tax - the reduction in future spending from getting married … clone marriage - marrying oneself - to ensure the living-standard loss from marrying is unaffected by spousal choice. Our … calculated high and highly variable marriage taxes materially reduce the probability of marriage particularly for low …

We estimate the effects of large, positive wealth shocks on marriage and fertility in a sample of Swedish lottery … players. For male winners, wealth increases marriage formation and reduces divorce risk, suggesting wealth increases men …

Public policies often target individuals but within-family externalities of such interventions are understudied. Using … a regression discontinuity design, we document how a third grade retention policy affects both the target children and … their younger siblings. The policy improves test scores of both children while the spillover is up to 30% of the target …

This paper analyzes the impact of paid family leave (PFL) policies in California, New Jersey, and New York on the labor … market and mental health outcomes of individuals whose spouses or children experience health shocks. We use data from the … conditions or limitations who experience a hospitalization or surgery report "leaving a job to care for home or family" in the …