this document is organized into three major sections: methodology and implementation; results; and implications for Niger …

firms' incentives to selectively enroll low-cost individuals, governments frequently "risk-adjust" payments to firms based …'s payments to a firm for covering an individual minus the counterfactual cost had the government directly covered her. We show … thus risk adjustment can raise the total cost to the government of providing the public service. We confirm both selection …

use of the negligence rule is triggered by harm, the rule enjoys an intrinsic enforcement cost advantage over regulation …

for the electricity industry, particularly for developing countries. They discuss governance criteria and their …