This article discusses son preference in India, including both greater investment in sons and the fertility preference … eldest sons, whom parents favor, and other sons. Fertility preferences likewise center on eldest sons. The desire to have at …

parental decisions (labor market, investments in children, and fertility). We merge rich sources of historical information on … find that the policies exacerbated the motherhood penalty in labor market outcomes and that they affected fertility choices …

Fertility levels have greatly decreased in virtually every nation in the world, but the timing of the decline has … differed even among developed countries. In Europe, Asia, and North America, total fertility rates of some nations dipped below … the magic replacement figure of 2.1 as early as the 1970s. But in other nations, fertility rates remained substantial …

The world has experienced a dramatic decline in total fertility rate (TFR) since the Industrial Revolution. Yet the …. We propose a new measure of the number of surviving children per female, which we call the effective fertility rate (EFR … a substantial portion of fertility decline merely compensated for higher survival rates. Focusing on the change in labor …

fertility behavior of women 30-40 years old, born in the U.S., but whose parents were born elsewhere. We use past female labor … force participation and total fertility rates from the country of ancestry as our cultural proxies. These variables should … explanatory power for individual work and fertility outcomes, even after controlling for possible indirect effects of culture (e …

fertility rates in major U.S. cities between 1929 and 1940. We estimate the effects using a variety of specifications and … death, while contributing to increases in the general fertility rate. Estimates of the relationship between economic …