cold and warm regions alike and in industries that are not directly related to mining, such as trade, finance and services …

attention to the role of firms when discussing international trade. This paper summarizes key differences between trading and … non-trading firms, demonstrates how these differences present a challenge to standard trade models and shows how recent … "heterogeneous-firm" models of international trade address these challenges. We then make use of transaction-level U.S. trade data to …

city and industry fixed effects explain between sixty and eighty percent of manufacturing entry. We use spatial …

We combine data on individual trade transactions from U.S. customs records with comprehensive information on firms … along a number of dimensions: they are smaller in terms of employment, trade value and domestic sales, operate fewer U … within the boundaries of the firm, on the other hand, are substantially larger. They trade more products, trade with more …