. Constraints on mothers' labour market participation and consequent fall in earnings are characterised as the 'motherhood penalty … women with lower levels of education and from relatively poorer households. Our results suggest that in a developing country … like India, characterised by informal labour markets, and early age of childbirth, the impact of motherhood on employment …

Thailand's education system stands at a crossroads. Significant investment has widened access to education and the … universally distributed and Thailand has not received the return on its spending on education that it might have expected. This … education reform, including implementing the revised curriculum, and to tackle teaching shortages in the most deprived areas …