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The Frascati Manual, issued in 1994, is the basic international source of methodology for collecting and using research and development statistics. This fifth edition reflects recent changes in the structure of national science and technology systems and revisions in standard international...
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Analysts and policy makers have made increasing use of patent indicators to analyse the rate and direction of technological activity. The Patents Manual, issued in 1994, provides information on how patent data can be used as indicators, and also shows how these can be linked to other statistics...
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drivers and motivations, and identifies implications for innovation policy. It examines the internationalisation of R … OECD area. It also discusses complementary aspects of the global innovation landscape, such as the internationalisation of …
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essential tool for statisticians and science and innovation policy makers worldwide. It includes definitions of basic concepts …
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What is innovation and how should it be measured? Understanding the scale of innovation activities, the characteristics … of innovative firms and the internal and systemic factors that can influence innovation is a prerequisite for the pursuit … and analysis of policies aimed at fostering innovation. First published in 1992, the Oslo Manual is the international …
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The rapid advances of artificial intelligence (AI) in recent years have led to numerous creative applications in science. Accelerating the productivity of science could be the most economically and socially valuable of all the uses of AI. Utilising AI to accelerate scientific productivity will...
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This manual provides guidance on how to measure and interpret measurements of globalisation's extent and intensity. The manual defines concepts and puts forward guidelines for data collection and fine-tuning of globalisation indicators. In particular, it looks at indicators related to foreign...
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