Export restrictions can be problematic if trading partners question either their conformity with international obligations or their possibly unintended negative impacts on others. Regulatory transparency can help. This paper examines how three multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs)...

Monitoring progress towards meeting the Paris Agreement requires improving the tracking and measurement of public climate expenditure, investment, and revenues. This OECD working paper was prepared as part of the joint OECD-European Commission project on “Financing Climate Action in Regions...

L’étude de cas de la région Bretagne (France) est extraite du rapport intitulé « Aligner les budgets des gouvernements régionaux et locaux avec les objectifs climatiques et environnementaux ». Le rapport dresse un état des lieux des pratiques existantes en matière de budgétisation...

Competition authorities have already acquired significant knowledge about the concept of market power and dominance as well as practical experience when assessing anticompetitive practices. However, the introduction of potential new concepts, such as economic moats and entrenchment, may...

The OECD Competition Committee debated Monopsony and Buyer Power in October 2008. This document includes an executive summary and the documents from the meeting: an analytical note by the OECD, written submissions from Brazil, Canada, Chile, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Indonesia, Japan,...

This paper explores the interaction between the governmental policies adopted to face the COVID-19 emergency and competition policy. It was prepared as background for a discussion on the role of competition policy in promoting economic recovery held in December 2020.

This paper considers several competition policy challenges related to market power in the digital era, including questions about the relationship between new regulatory concepts related to market power and established enforcement concepts such as dominance. It was prepared as a background note...

This paper looks at how market concentration is measured, whether it is increasing, and if so, whether other indicators (output, prices, mark-ups and profits) are consistent with a story of falling competitive intensity. It also explores whether any market power that has been built has endured...

This paper explores the impact of competition on inequality by developing a new model to illustrate how higher profits from market power, and associated higher prices, could influence the distribution of wealth and income. It analyses data from eight OECD countries – Canada, France, Germany,...