The public procurement Directives only apply if a body is a contracting authority (contracting entity in the Utilities sector) within the definition of the Directives. SIGMA Brief 3 gives guidance on the notion of a contracting authority/entity under the directives (especially the concept of...

When a contracting authority enters into a contract with an economic operator, the arrangement cannot just be left to run. It must be managed to enable both the contracting authority and the economic operator to meet their contractual obligations. Contracts are frequently complex, may involve...

The EU Public Procurement Directives only apply to contracts of a value that meet or exceed the relevant EU financial threshold. Below threshold contracts are not covered by the procurement Directives. However, below threshold contracts comprise the vast majority of contracts awarded by...

The OECD’s dataset on socio-demographic information accompanying the distributional information presents socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals and households included in the various household groups as distinguished in the dataset on distributional information on household...

The breakdown of transactions and positions by counterpart sector enriches the information as included in the financial accounts and balance sheets by providing insight into the relationships between institutional sectors within an economy as well as between residents and non-residents. For a...

Grants by private voluntary agencies and non-government organisations (NGOs) are defined as transfers made by private voluntary agencies and NGOs in cash, goods or services for which no payment is required. The private sector comprises private corporations, households and non-profit institutions...

School principals are the link between teachers, students and their parents or guardians, the education system and the wider community. Principals may contribute to student achievement through their impact on how the school is organised, the climate in the school and, especially, teachers and...