Grants by private voluntary agencies and non-government organisations (NGOs) are defined as transfers made by private voluntary agencies and NGOs in cash, goods or services for which no payment is required. The private sector comprises private corporations, households and non-profit institutions...

School principals are the link between teachers, students and their parents or guardians, the education system and the wider community. Principals may contribute to student achievement through their impact on how the school is organised, the climate in the school and, especially, teachers and...

The public procurement Directives only apply if a body is a contracting authority (contracting entity in the Utilities sector) within the definition of the Directives. SIGMA Brief 3 gives guidance on the notion of a contracting authority/entity under the directives (especially the concept of...

When a contracting authority enters into a contract with an economic operator, the arrangement cannot just be left to run. It must be managed to enable both the contracting authority and the economic operator to meet their contractual obligations. Contracts are frequently complex, may involve...

Mind the Gap is an unprecedented attempt to quantify the size of one of the most pervasive barriers to energy efficiency – principal-agent problems, or in common parlance, variations on the ‘landlord-tenant’ problem. In doing so, the book provides energy analysts and economists with unique...

The evaluation of official development programmes has grown tremendously over the past two decades; the public and taxpayers increasingly demand credible assessments of whether aid “works” to improve the lives of the world’s poorest. Global efforts to hold donors and partners accountable...

When analysing mergers which risk generating anti-competitive effects, competition agencies must establish whether a transaction generates sufficient anti-competitive harm to either prohibit it or impose conditions to its clearance. The point beyond which sufficient harm is established, and a...

This document was developed to serve as guidance for information requirements for the regulation of Invertebrates as Biological Control Agents (IBCAs) within OECD countries. It incorporates information requirements from a number of OECD countries for the regulation of IBCAs, including insects,...