The net replacement rate is defined as the individual net pension entitlement divided by net pre-retirement earnings, taking into account personal income taxes and social security contributions paid by workers and pensioners. It measures how effectively a pension system provides a retirement...

The Competition Committee holds occasional “hearings” to address strategic issues outside the core competition domain and to improve the analysis in such areas where competition can be meaningful. A hearing on Competition and Credit Rating Agencies was held in June 2010. This document...

This study features a collection of eight case studies of exemplary cases from secondary schools as well as international literature reviews and policy analysis related to formative assessment, the frequent assessments of student progress to identify learning needs and shape teaching. It...

With maintenance costs accounting for a large proportion of road budgets, this report assesses the economic and technical feasibility of innovative wearing courses for long life road pavements. (The wearing course is the top layer of a pavement structure which provides the riding surface for...

Data have become a key input into the production of many goods and services. But just how important? What is the value of data – their contribution to economic growth and well-being? This report discusses different approaches to data valuation, their advantages and shortcomings and their...