This paper incorporates risk into the FDI decisions of rms. The risk of FDI failure increases with the gap between the South's technology frontier and the technology complexity of a firm's product. This leads to a double-crossing sorting pattern of FDI firms of intermediate technology levels are...

This paper develops a theory on the complementarity in institutional qualities between the home and host countries in bilateral FDI. Firms `born' in countries with poorer institutions tend to invest more in informal institutions to mitigate political risk. The marginal advantage of higher...