researchers. Economists have speculated for at least a century that the social returns to education may exceed the private returns … implementing individual fixed effects estimates. The individual fixed effect model shows that the external returns to education in … problem, we then implement the IV fixed effect estimates and find positive external returns to education at about 10%. We also …

One of the most consistent findings in studies of electoral behaviour is that individuals with higher education have a … relationship between education and voter turnout. Moreover country-specific institutional and economic factors do not explain the … of education on voter turnout, such that the education gradient in voting is greater in U.S. States with the harshest …

of electoral participation and finds that firstly, their inclusion reduces the impact of education and secondly, that …

This paper uses cross section data to investigate whether education and ability are substitutes or complements in the … education can act as a substitute for observed ability. We also estimate quantile regression functions to examine how the return … quantiles, suggesting that education is also a substitute for unobserved ability. …

Report of a Department of Education commissioned survey of unit costs of first and second level schools in 1990. …

This paper uses cross section data to investigate whether the returns to education vary with the level of ability …, clear evidence that the return to schooling is lower for those with higher ability indicating that education can act as a … that education is also a substitute for unobserved ability. This paper forms part of the Policy Evaluation Program at the …

Parents with higher education levels have children with higher education levels. However, is this because parental … education actually changes the outcomes of children, suggesting an important spillover of education policies, or is it merely … that more able individuals who have higher education also have more able children? This paper proposes to answer this …

This paper examines the causal relationship between parents' education and that of their children in Norway. In 1959 … effect of the reform was to reduce the proportion of people with fewer than nine years of education from 12 percent to three … percent, with a new spike at nine years. For mothers, there is a positive effect of maternal education on the education of …

Irish third-level graduates benefit significantly from their education in the form of higher earnings. This private … tuition fees. The abolition of fees in 1994 did not increase equality of access to higher education as intended, but other … makes third-level "free" education an ineffective policy in social terms. The return of tuition fees is advocated, together …