This paper proposes a model in which the removal of barriers to trade and factor mobility is associated with endogenous fragmentation of the value-added chain. Fragmentation is the outcome of cost competition - the profit-maximizing choice of cost structure by monopolistically competitive firms....

We determine the increase of the maximum risk over the minimax risk in the case that the optimally robust estimator for the false radius is used. This is done by numerical solution of the implicit equations which determine optimal robustness, for location, scale, and linear regression models,...