The analysis of volatility in financial markets has become a first rank issue in modern financial theory and practice …: Whether in risk management, portfolio hedging, or option pricing, we need to have a precise notion of the market's expectation … of volatility. Much research has been done on the analysis of realized historic volatilities, Roll (1977) and references …

By extending the GARCH option pricing model of Duan (1995) to more flexible volatility estimation it is shown that the … prices of out-of-the-money options strongly depend on volatility features such as asymmetry. Results are provided for the …

A primary goal in modelling the dynamics of implied volatility surfaces (IVS) aims at reducing complexity. For this …, neglects the degenerated string structure of the implied volatility data and may result in a severe modelling bias. We propose … value at risk computations and scenario analysis. -- Implied Volatility Surface ; Smile ; Generalized Additive Models …

prices caused by stochastic volatility. -- option pricing ; autoregression ; heteroskedasticity ; GARCH ; leverage effect …

tool for options portfolios using the "Maximum Loss" methodology based on Principal Components. -- Implied Volatility ; DAX …