unemployment in Japan. The question is to what extent business ownership, i.e., entrepreneurship, can reduce the level of … unemployment. It will be concluded that Japan is hardly an outlier when using a simple model of the relationship between … underestimation of the rise in unemployment in Japan in the period 1984-2002. Arguments are brought forward why this might be the case …

rate) and unemployment in Japan for the period between 1972 and 2002. We find that, although Japan’s unemployment rate has … compared to other OECD countries. In the past, small firms in Japan benefited from the protective environment of the keiretsu …