This paper studies the intangible costs of international trade by extending the basic gravity equation with measures of … cultural and institutional distance, and institutional quality. Analyzing a sample of bilateral trade flows between 92 … countries in 1999, we find that institutional distance has a negative effect on bilateral trade, presumably because the …

Ineffective institutions increase transaction costs and reduce trade. This paper shows that differences in the … effectiveness of institutions offer an explanation for the tendency of OECD countries to trade disproportionately with each other …

The gravity model is the workhorse model to describe and explain variation in bilateral trade patterns. Consistent with … both Heckscher-Ohlin models and models of imperfect competition and trade, this versatile model has proven to be very … successful, explaining a large part of the variance in trade flows. However, the log-linear model cannot straightforwardly …

This paper studies the effect of institutions on trade flows, using a gravity modelapproach. We start from a standard … gravity equation that incorporates geographical proximity,language, trade policy and common history. These factors reflect the … costs of trade acrossgeographical and cultural distance. The quality of governance and the extent of familiaritywith the …

Formal trade barriers and transport costs explain only part of the resistance to international trade. Search costs on … important intangible barriers to trade. This paper proposes that the impact of institutional quality on bilateral trade varies … estimate gravity equations to investigate how trade patterns are affected by variation in the quality of institutions across …

This paper studies the importance of intangible barriers to trade in explaining variation in disaggregate international … trade. The analysis is based on a sample of 55 countries for the year 2000. We explicitly focus on the importance of … barriers for different product groups. More specifically, we find that cultural differences do not affect total trade …

infrastructure matters for the pattern of trade of developing countries, and can help explaining their low level of regional … integration. The main idea is that, to the extent that it can be used not just to export natural resources but also to trade other … commodities, this infrastructure may bias a country's structure of transport costs in favor of overseas trade, and to the …

See also F.A.G. den Butter, R. Hayat (2013), Trade between China and the Netherlands: a case study of trade in tasks …, <I>Journal of Chinese Economic and Foreign Trade Studies</I>, 6(3), 178-191. <P> During the last decades, the growth of … trade between China and the Netherlands has been larger than the increase in bilateral trade flows between China and most …

-005-2933-4">'De Economist'</A>, 2005, 153(2), 139-165.<P> How much does a nation spend on resources to 'grease the wheels of trade … traders. This image was derived in the seventeenth century from successes in long distance trade, shipping and financial … in enhancing transactions cities or agglomerations remain important, suggesting that face-to-face trade remains an …

We empirically investigate the responsiveness of international trade to the stringency of environmental regulation … equilibrium model of trade and pollution nesting the pollution haven motive for trade with the factor endowment motive. We analyze … show that trade patterns in ‘dirty’ commodities are jointly determined by relative factor endowments and environmental …