The objectives of this study are to provide a review of how the current (2014-2020) MFF arrangements for climate mainstreaming, and for tracking climate-related expenditure and its achievements, have operated in practice; and to make recommendations for potential options for improving the current...

This report presents the final results from an interim evaluation of Decision No 406/2009/EC (the Effort Sharing Decision, ESD). The evaluation has considered the effectiveness, efficiency, coherence, relevance and EU added value of the ESD to date. It also considered the impacts of the ESD on...

The findings from the IPCC (2018) report led the EU to review the ambition of its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to the Paris Agreement and subsequently the European Commission announced the European Green Deal in December 2019, which proposes to raise the ambition level of the EU's...

The objective of the first part of this study is to analyse potential applications of the polluter pays principle towards agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at the EU level. The focus of this part is on five options for an Emission Trading System (ETS) that could incentivise climate...

The aim of this analytical report is to provide recommendations on the implementation of a policy support facility (PSF) to promote regional and local climate adaptation in the EU through the provision of technical assistance that progressively shifts the focus from planning to implementation of...