For many years, African countries have experienced slow economic growth. A major policy tool used to address this issue has been preferential market access whereby, certain developed countries have lowered and sometimes eliminated tariffs on imports from Africa. Despite this special treatment,...

Administration in organizations emerged as a specific field of inquiry for social sciences in the middle of the twentieth century. Herbert Simon has defined a program that allows social sciences to move from principles to concepts about action and action taking. Four main perspectives of...

L'objectif de l'intelligence stratégique est d'aider la connaissance et la compréhension de la situation stratégique. Nous établissons qu'en majorité la littérature sur l'intelligence stratégique propose une vision qui semble "rationnelle", mais qui de manière prévisible ne permet pas...