and export intensity. We investigate theoretically and empirically how financial constraints affect a firm's innovation … export and innovation activities to become substitutes although they are generally natural complements. …

find that competition has a negative effect on innovation, especially for firms further from the efficiency frontier, and … we do not find support for an inverted U effect of competition on innovation. The authors show that the supply chain of … multinational enterprises and international trade are important channels for domestic firms' innovation. They detect no evidence …