a number of Central and Eastern European countries, Russia, and China. We use metadata from 33 studies of 10 transition …

We estimate returns to schooling using a retrospective work history survey covering more than 4,000 workers over the …

during China’s reform between 1988 and 2002. We pay special attention to the changing role of sorting by ability versus … budget-constraint effects as China’s education policy has changed from one in which the bulk of direct costs are paid by …