This paper contains three volumes presenting the Vietnam Reading and Mathematics Assessment Study conducted in 2001 …

, and parenting quality in a developing country. They use a sample of over 3,000 predominantly poor pre-school age children … for older than younger children, and there is greater dispersion in scores among older children. They find that household … socioeconomic characteristics, in particular wealth and parental education, are "protective"-children from wealthier households with …

"Educated parents tend to have educated children. But is intergenerational transmission of human capital more nature …, more nurture, or both? De Walque uses household survey data from Rwanda that contains a large proportion of children living … influences. The nonrandom placement of children is controlled by including the educational attainment of the absent biological …

Providing at least basic education to all children especially those coming from poor or disadvantaged families is an … the measures that will secure access to quality education for all children above all to those who are under higher risk of … basic children's right- access to education; chapter five and six sets paths for making chosen policy options sustainable …

be realized from investing in pre-primary education ranging from promoting children s school readiness to equalizing …, and ensuring adequate and effective financing. Section four makes some recommendations for expanding access to high …

"Under the traditional "competition-fragility" view, more bank competition erodes market power, decreases profit … margins, and results in reduced franchise value that encourages bank risk taking. Under the alternative "competition … suggest that - consistent with the traditional "competition-fragility" view - banks with a greater degree of market power also …

chosen preschools in a pool of 50. Children's school participation was 30 percent higher in the treatment group than in the … constraints and pupil transfers that would not happen if the school meals were ordered in all schools. The intention …

"The relationships among competition in the financial sector, access of firms to external financing, and associated … economic growth are ambiguous in theory. Moreover, measuring competition in the financial sector can be complex. In this paper … Claessens and Laeven first estimate for 16 countries a measure of banking system competition based on industrial organization …