include measures of innovation outcomes as well as variables related to innovation effort. The main indicator of innovation … outputs is patents. The main variables related to innovation inputs are investment in research and development (R&D) and … of innovation outputs and inputs by looking at the over-time behavior of the relevant series and comparing the …

A functional review by the World Bank of Romania's research, development and innovation (RD&I) sector has been … World Bank Higher Education Review team and the EC's DG Research and Innovation -- presents observations and recommendations …

authors find that the stock of human capital, the level of domestic innovation and technological adaptation, and the level of ….15 percentage point. In terms of innovation, the authors find that a 20 percent increase in the annual number of USPTO patents …

Chile is increasingly looking to innovation as a pillar of its competitiveness and an engine of growth to close the … an increased awareness of the importance of innovation to growth and a desire to move toward a more diversified and … government commitments to innovation have raised new challenges. The remaining of the report is structured as follows. Chapter …

Inclusive innovation seeks to expand access to essential goods and services, thereby improving quality of life, and … directly at the needs of excluded populations. Inclusive innovation is of high relevance for the Chinese authorities, but the … innovation, yet has recognized the importance of inclusive innovation in addressing increasing disparity between the rich and …

Local innovation refers to the dynamics of IK - the knowledge that grows within a social group, incorporating learning … of thinking and doing. Local innovation is the process through which individuals or groups discover or develop new and …