"Infrastructure projects are often technically complicated and highly customized. Therefore, procurement competition … tends to be limited. Competition is the single most important factor toward auction efficiency and anti-corruption. However …, the degree of competition realized is closely related to bidders' entry decision and the auctioneer's decision on how to …

"Competition in public procurement auctions in the water supply and sanitation sector is largely limited. This is … important policy choice for auctioneers to achieve efficiency. In general, there is a tradeoff between competition in auctions … competition. Using data on public procurement auctions for water and sewage projects in developing countries, this paper shows …

"Limited competition has been a serious concern in infrastructure procurement. Importantly, however, there are normally … development projects in developing countries and examines why competition ends up restricted. It shows that bidders are self …-selective and auctioneers also tend to limit participation depending on the size of contracts. Therefore, limited competition would …

margins, and results in reduced franchise value that encourages bank risk taking. Under the alternative "competition … have less overall risk exposure. The data also provide some support for one element of the "competition-stability" view …"Under the traditional "competition-fragility" view, more bank competition erodes market power, decreases profit …

management system, which may also help to increase portfolio efficiency and competition. The paper suggests that, with the payout …

"The relationships among competition in the financial sector, access of firms to external financing, and associated … economic growth are ambiguous in theory. Moreover, measuring competition in the financial sector can be complex. In this paper … Claessens and Laeven first estimate for 16 countries a measure of banking system competition based on industrial organization …