"The authors formulate and test hypotheses about the role of bank ownership types-foreign, state-owned, and private domestic banks-in banking relationships, using data from India. The empirical results are consistent with all of their hypotheses with regard to foreign banks. These banks tend to...

"The authors examine how well several institutional and firm-level factors and their interactions explain firms' perceptions of property rights protection. Their sample includes private and public firms that vary in size from very small to large in 62 countries. Together, the institutional...

"This paper uses micro data from the Indonesian Census of Manufacturing to analyze the causal relationship between foreign ownership and plant productivity. To control for the possible endogeneity of the FDI decision, the difference in differences approach is combined with a matching technique....

Access to safe sanitation prevents the spread of bacteria and viruses that cause illnesses such as diarrhea, a leading cause of child mortality and a contributor to stunting in children. Without access to a hygienic toilet, and the motivation to use one, people usually defecate in the open, and...

In 2022, the nomadic population, comprising just over 10 percent of the Somali population, faced the highest levels of monetary, non-monetary, and extreme poverty, along with the greatest inequality. Nomadic households have the highest poverty rates and often lack sufficient livestock to escape...