"In this paper, the authors describe South Africa's value added tax (VAT), showing that (1) the VAT is mildly … evaluate the VAT in the context of other distortions in the economy by computing the marginal cost of funds-the effect of … raising government revenue by increasing the VAT rates on household welfare. Then they evaluate alternative, revenue …

This note presents the results of the analysis of Value Added Tax (VAT) and Corporate Income Tax (CIT) compliance and …-down approaches based on national accounts were used to estimate the tax gaps. To derive the VAT gap using the top-down consumption …-side approach, the VAT Total Tax Liability (VTTL) was calculated as the sum of the liability from five main components: final …

As the World Bank Group (WBG) is evolving, it remains a strategic partner for Romania in helping accelerate the pace … development agenda. The Romania Country Partnership Framework (CPF) for FY25-29 aims to maximize these opportunities. The CPF (i …) supports Romania in closing selected development gaps and disparities and strengthening institutions; (ii) enables the WBG to …

This report is an update to the first comprehensive Romania Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD), published in 2018 …, which identified a set of development priorities for Romania to achieve the twin goals of poverty reduction and shared … include impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine on Romania's economy and people, a drive toward …

implementation in Romania and to provide some recommendations for policy makers on how to accelerate progress toward a CE in Romania … context, (b) national priorities and the strategic policy context of Romania, and (c) sufficiently mature needs and demands of … key stakeholders in Romania and their capacities, including international financial institutions. The analysis also …

and productivity of job and worker reallocation. Then they investigate the effects of privatization, product and labor …, Romania, Russia, and Ukraine. The authors find that market reform has resulted in a large increase in the pace of job …

performance, evolving patterns of specialization, Romania's competitiveness in EU sunrise markets, changes in factor intensities … of trade with the EU, and 'intra-product' trade, Kaminski and Ng conclude that Romania's export offer has become … maintaining macroeconomic stabilty and keeping wage increases in line with productivity growth, as well as increasing Romania …

"Javorcik, Saggi, and Spatareanu use a firm-level panel data set from Romania to examine whether the nationality of … cover some but not other source economies. In this case, the Association Agreement signed between Romania and the European … American or Asian multinationals. Therefore, one would expect that American and Asian investors source more from Romania than …