health insurance systems that are payroll-funded. The next chapter (chapter two) describes the insurance context in Austria …, the Netherlands, Slovakia, and Switzerland. Chapter three examines risk selection in a multiple insurance system. Risk …-adjusters and equalization schemes in different countries are discussed as well as the resulting incentives for insurance companies …

. Under the country's health insurance system, the largest group is covered by the public system, while a smaller group is … insurance could attract the stable, elderly population, and thus mitigate the financial conditions of the public health system. …

Insurance (SHI) contributions, which is unsurprising given that they are paid largely by formal sector workers who are among the … better-off; however, SHI contributions finance just 13 per cent of health spending. Voluntary insurance is mildly regressive …

"The most basic argument for insurance is that it reduces financial risk. But since insurance opens up new … patient, it is not immediately obvious that insurance will in practice reduce financial risk. The authors analyze the effect … of insurance on the probability of an individual incurring "high" annual health expenses using data from three household …

, they also extend previous work by assessing the extent of risk protection afforded by formal health insurance, and by … income is less important for the insured, possibly because health insurance coverage is also associated with limited sickness … insurance, but the effect is not significant. They also find evidence that negative health shocks are associated with an …