Bangladesh spends only 2 percent of its GNP on education, compared to 3.2 percent in an average low-income country. Low investment in education results in low literacy (only 35 percent), which in turn results in low productivity, low incomes, poor health and, above all, high population growth....

The overarching objective of the World Bank's assistance to Sub-Saharan African countries is poverty reduction through sustained economic growth at a high level and improved social services. Past experience shows that a minimum level of educational attainment has been a prerequisite for the...

Education is a basic condition for economic and social development. Working in conjunction with the National Primary Education Commission, the World Bank supported consultations among teachers, parents, educational administrators, and community leaders to develop a strong foundation for primary...

Russia's educational system, with broad access, and high levels of scholarly achievement, has long been a source of strength. The Soviet system, however, was grossly overcentralized, inefficient, and lacking in accountability. In the last decade, attempted rapid decentralization has not been...

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly integral to global economies and societies, the need for effective AI governance has never been more urgent. The rapid advancement in AI technologies and their widespread adoption across many sectors, such as healthcare, finance, agriculture,...

The paper draws on the Inclusive Global Value Chains report submitted by the OECD and the World Bank Group to G20 Trade Ministers in October 2015, refining and prioritizing the options contained therein. The original report proposed a holistic approach to promoting more inclusive Global Value...

Over the last two decades, successive governments and business leaders in the former Yugoslav Republic of (FYR) Macedonia have been actively working to transform the country's economy and put it on a higher, technology-based, growth trajectory. For a small, landlocked country with a limited...

China has achieved remarkable success in financial inclusion. China's rate of account ownership - a basic metric of financial inclusion - has increased significantly in the past two decades and is now on par with that of other G-20 countries. Traditional financial service providers have...

The Philippines' economic growth outlook remains positive, yet downside risks have increased. An expected slowdown in global trade in the medium term is likely to further dampen Philippine exports. Nevertheless, baseline economic growth is projected at 6.5 percent in 2018, 6.7 percent in 2019,...