The debate around retrenchment of pension systems became really popular in the 1990’s after the pioneering experience of Chile in 1981.The disastrous outcomes of the Chilean reform were widely known by the 2000’s although no relevant steps backwards were taken. This paper analyses...

The financial crisis of 2007-09 began as a local problem in the mortgage finance market in the United States and Europe but, within months, escalated into a general global financial crisis, resulting in collapsing investment not just in developed nations but also in Shanghai, Rio and Mumbai, and...

North-South free trade agreements (FTAs), bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and World Trade Organization (WTO) commitments often contain a number of provisions that can increase the likelihood of a financial crisis and make it more difficult to take the necessary measures to deal with one...

At this moment, the world is undergoing the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression of 1930s. It is not clear exactly which factors instigated the crisis, but there are many candidates; the formation of an asset bubble in the US, and its subsequent crash, continued excessive consumption...

In the study states’ finances is analysed to see whether all states have been able to create a fiscal space and whether their fiscal capacities have increased over time. Then the states’ spending is looked at to see how they use their fiscal space. [CSH].

Resolution and conclusions of the 101st Session of the International Labour Conference, Geneva, 2012. [ILO].

RBI has taken several steps to improve the processing of data. Information system will also be enhanced very soon. [Remarks at Reserve Bank of India at the 8th Statistics Day Conference, Mumbai].

The paper examines the impact of recent inflation and financial shocks on the vulnerable, and explores policy design to reduce both future shocks and vulnerability to shocks. Inflation affects the typical savings cum pension portfolio and the specific consumption basket of the old, as prices of...

The multi-dimensional role of RBI and how it reponded to the financial crisis is depicted in the presentation. [Presentation made at the 56th EXCOM Meeting and FinPower CEO Forum organised by APRACA at Seoul, Korea].

The paper discusses the impacts of climate change to the environment of China and most especially to the livelihood of Chinese people there. It analyzed the Chinese government’s position and enumerates the measures that China has taken so far, as well as the commitments and concrete...