We propose a simple spatial model to explain why the price level is higher in rich countries. There are two sectors: manufacturing, which is freely tradable, and non-tradable services, which have to locate near customers in big cities. As countries develop, total factor productivity increases...

reallocation are halved.

We build a model of social capital in networks based on repeated interactions. The strength of a relationship in part derives from the value of transactions it enables in the future. We show that shocks can be amplified through a network multiplier, because trust withdrawal that constrains...