market frictions over time with self-financing. With intermediate levels of frictions in the capital market, welfare costs of market incompleteness have a U shape against the persistence of idiosyncratic shocks. The right arm of the U reflects the difficulty of self-insurance against very...

recession.

What are the micro and macro implications of a credit crunch? We study this question in a model where heterogeneous entrepreneurs can finance their investment by borrowing subject to collateral constraints and/or by using internal funds. We discipline our theory by requiring that the size...