In menu cost models, real effects of aggregate nominal shocks are sensitive to unobserved characteristics of price setting. The standard way to calibrate key pricing parameters is to match the cross-sectional distribution of price changes. We argue that this unconditional distribution contains...

Using confidential product-level price data underlying the U.S. Producer Price Index (PPI), this paper analyzes the effect of changes in firms' financial conditions on their price-setting behavior during the "Great Recession" that surrounds the financial crisis. The evidence indicates that...

We introduce Armington's (1969) notion of "origin differentiation" into a micro-founded model of pricing to market and examine how this affects the joint dynamics of prices and quantities in an international real business cycle framework. We find that the model, when calibrated using parameters...