Empirical evidence about income convergence among regions and countries is inconclusive and it is necessary to clarify … the economic and institutional conditions for convergence. We investigate movements in the income distribution among … development. The convergence towards a narrower unimodal distribution of per capita income is convincing in this homogenous …

within a regional convergence model. It focuses on vertically connected industrial sectors, which can emerge parallel to … while taking regional convergence into consideration. In addition to the all-German process of convergence and the specific … opportunity to explain deficits within the process of East-West convergence. The relative absence of industrial clusters in East …

stimulate growth in the less developed countries. In fact, according to our estimates, with an annual β-convergence of 2% in …