Most micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) operate informally. While informal sectors are thought to contribute less to national economic development, MSMEs are a driving force behind national economic growth. Thus, formalizing informal MSMEs is critical to boosting national...

The Russian invasion of Ukraine disrupted a V-shaped economic post-pandemic recovery in Central and West Asia. It affected global supply chains and slowed the region's growth momentum while adding inflationary pressures. Private businesses were adversely affected by the impact of the invasion...

Most micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) operate informally. While informal sectors are thought to contribute less to national economic development, MSMEs are a driving force behind national economic growth. Thus, formalizing informal MSMEs is critical to boosting national...