A deep-ingrained doctrine in asset pricing says that if an empirical characteristic-return relation is consistent with investor “rationality,” the relation must be “explained” by a risk (factor) model. The investment approach questions the doctrine. Factors formed on characteristics are...

Many leading asset pricing models are specified so that the term structure of dividend volatility is either flat or upward sloping. Related, these models predict that the term structures of expected returns and volatilities on dividend strips (i.e., claims to dividends paid over a prespecified...