While research shows that partisanship influences beliefs about the economy, it is yet to be established whether individual partisans engage in systematically different economic behaviors. Focusing on consumer behavior, the single largest determinant of economic activity in the United States, we...

Electoral institutions shape the potential costs and benefits of participation. We argue that, by shaping the range and diversity of choices available to voters, electoral institutions can pull citizens into the democratic process by making voting meaningful. Our analyses of data from 29...