This article employs a short-term specification of the symmetric generalised McFadden (SGM) cost function capable of accommodating quasi-fixed factors and variable returns. Temporary equilibrium and scale economies are investigated while maintaining the consistency of the estimated model with...

The agricultural trade liberalization proposal known as 'tariffication' aims at converting all existing non-tariff barriers (NTBs) to trade into bound tariffs, and to reduce these tariffs over time. This is in tune with the original philosophy of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)...