Economists have long observed that crowding out of government grants to private charities is incomplete. The accepted belief is that givers treat the grants as imperfect substitutes for private giving. We theoretically and empirically investigate a second reason: the strategic response of a...

The probability that an unskilled worker can be successfully trained or screened to be a manager depends on the effort of the firm. With positive hiring costs, a firm prefers to train/screen its own managers. However, the optimal size of the firm for productive efficiency may conflict with...

Liquidity considerations will limit the number of markets in a competitive economy. Welfare implications are ambigious. Since liquidity is a positive externality, there may be too little liquidity per market at a noncooperative equilibrium and too many markets compared to the surplus-maximizing...