The destructive role of institutional quality such as corruption has been considered an important factor for economic growth, particularly in the European Union, where such practices dealt with zero tolerance. Environmental degradation such as massive carbon emissions is stressing the global...

This study examines the effect of mandatory Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reporting on the Climate Risk Index (CRI) of European countries, a measure of global warming (SDG-13), where CSR reporting is mandated for a subset of large firms from 2012 to 2022. The objective is to assess the...