Our study examines the dynamic relationship between financial development and environmental degradation in the European Union (EU) in a panel VAR (Vector Autoregressive) methodological framework over the period 1996-2018. Panel causality tests and impulse response functions show that financial...

Identifying the major driving factors behind variations in profitability across firms is a question addressed by many researchers, at industry, economic sector, country level, or through regional and international comparisons. Empirical approaches have shown that profitability variation across...

This paper examines how artificial intelligence and smart manufacturing concepts are reflected in the business strategy and performance narratives of major industrial corporations. A qualitative analysis of annual reports from the 20 largest global industrial companies listed on US stock...