Adoption of carbon regulation mechanisms facilitates an evolution toward green and sustainable supply chains followed by an increased complexity. Through the development and usage of a multi-choice goal programming model solved by an improved algorithm, this article investigates sustainability...

Based on the concept of ambidexterity, we develop a multi-objective, multi-product, and multi-period model to integrate planning for research and development (R&D) and production and distribution (P&D) in a global pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) considering delays in the entire supply chain....