The academic literature on loyalty discounts and exclusive dealing demonstrates that the welfare effects of these practices are ambiguous and that market details determine the direction of the effect. Assaf Eilat, Jith Jayaratne, Janusz Ordover (Compass Lexecon) & Greg Shaffer (University of...

This flurry of legislative activity raises the question: Can a state overturn Leegin consistent with the United States Constitution? The answer to that question is no, at least to the extent the state regulates conduct that is wholly outside its borders. Leiv Blad, Bryan Killian (Bingham)

There is scope to devise a more flexible and practical approach consistent with the concerns identified by the Commission. Yves Botteman & Kees J. Kuilwijk, Steptoe & Johnson

The competition rules embodied in these instruments are particularly important given the pervasiveness of vertical agreements. M. Brenning-Louko, Andrei Gurin, Luc Peeperkorn, & Katja Viertiö, DG Comp

There is potential for conflict and overlap between the industry-specific regulations and competition law when considering the rules of both the Anti-Monopoly Law and the Anti-Unfair Competition Law in China. Li Huiying (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology)

The remedies imposed in China are sometimes quite creative and do not always seem burdensome for the parties. François Renard (Allen & Overy)

The competition analyses have grown to be more sophisticated, and the discussion on the remedy aspects has become more detailed. Cui Shufeng (Ministry of Commerce) & Rong Hongzhi (Decheng District People’s Gov't)