This article studies the contribution of inflow and outflow rates to the unemployment dynamics in the long-run. I find that both inflow and outflow rates contribute significantly to variation in the long-run trend in the unemployment rate in both the United States and Japan. In the United...

This article studies a long-run relationship between the labour-force participation rate and the unemployment rate in Japan. By using cointegration analysis, we demonstrate that there exists a long-run relationship between the two variables for male workers but not for female workers....