Publicly managed pension systems operating on the basis of pay-as-you-go (PAYG) schemes face financial difficulties worldwide. The expenditure-revenue balances of such a system are determined jointly by the selected configuration of system parameters, and interrelated developments in the labour...

Based on the similarity of productive activities carried out by sectors, national input-output (IO) matrices may be divided into sub-matrices each representing a broader group of sectors called blocks. The strength of linkages among sectors that belong to different blocks would then show the...