Previous professional sports discrimination studies rely heavily on aggregated data to the game level and therefore do not control for unobservable within game heterogeneity. This article uses an established testing methodology for assessing discrimination among professional sports adjudicators...

Recent research using Prospect Theory (PT) suggests that treatment history contributes to a frame of reference that introduces heterogeneity in patients' perceptions of how further treatment will improve their health status and carries over into an assessment of how effective the recent...